Assessment of Clam Ruditapes philippinarum as Heavy Metal Bioindicators Using NMR‐Based Metabolomics     

Xiaoli Liu  Linbao Zhang  Liping You  Junbao Yu  Ming Cong  Qing Wang  Fei Li  Lianzhen Li  Jianmin Zhao  Chenghua Li  Huifeng Wu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(8):759-766

There are mainly distributed three pedigrees (White, Liangdao Red, and Zebra) of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Yantai population along the Bohai marine and coast. However, the biological differences to environmental stressors have been ignored in toxicology studies, which could lead to the distortion of biological interpretations of toxicological effects induced by environmental contaminants. In this study, we applied a system biology approach, metabolomics to compare the metabolic profiles in digestive gland from three pedigrees of clam and characterize and compare the metabolic responses induced by mercury in clam digestive gland tissues to determine a sensitive pedigree of clam as a preferable bioindicator for metal pollution monitoring and toxicology research. The most abundant metabolites, respectively, included branched‐chain amino acids, alanine, and arginine in White samples, glutamate, dimethylglycine, and glycine in Zebra clams and acetylcholine, betaine, glucose, and glycogen in Liangdao Red clams. After 48 h exposure of 20 µg L^?1 Hg²⁺, the metabolic profiles from the three pedigrees of clams showed differentially significant changes in alanine, glutamate, succinate, taurine, hypotaurine, glycine, arginine, glucose, etc. Our findings indicate the toxicological effects of mercury exposure in Manila clams including the neurotoxicity, disturbances in energetic metabolisms and osmoregulation in the digestive glands and suggest that Liangdao Red pedigree of clam could be a preferable bioindicator for the metal pollution monitoring based on the more sensitive classes of metabolic changes from digestive glands compared with other two (White and Zebra) pedigrees of clams.  相似文献   

Toxicological Effects Induced by Cadmium in Gills of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Using NMR‐Based Metabolomics     

Linbao Zhang  Xiaoli Liu  Liping You  Di Zhou  Junbao Yu  Jianmin Zhao  Jianghua Feng  Huifeng Wu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(11):989-995

Cadmium (Cd) has become an important heavy metal contaminant in the sediment and seawater along the Bohai Sea and been of great ecological risk due to its toxic effects to marine organisms. In this work, the toxicological effects caused by environmentally relevant concentrations (10 and 40 µg L^?1) of Cd were studied in the gill tissues of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum after exposure for 24, 48, and 96 h. Both low (10 µg L^?1) and high (40 µg L^?1) doses of Cd caused the disturbances in energy metabolism and osmotic regulation and neurotoxicity based on the metabolic biomarkers such as succinate, alanine, branched chain amino acids, betaine, hypotaurine, and glutamate in clam gills after 24 h of exposure. However, the recovery of toxicological effects of Cd after exposure for 96 h was obviously observed in clam to Cd exposures. Overall, these results indicated that NMR‐based metabolomics was applicable to elucidate the toxicological effects of heavy metal contaminants in the marine bioindicator.  相似文献   

Modern pollen distributions in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the development of transfer functions for reconstructing Holocene environmental changes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Houyuan Lu  Naiqin Wu  Kam-biu Liu  Liping Zhu  Xiangdong Yang  Tandong Yao  Luo Wang  Quan Li  Xingqi Liu  Caiming Shen  Xiaoqiang Li  Guobang Tong  Hui Jiang 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(7-8):947-966

This study investigates the distribution of modern pollen assemblages in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, based on surface soil samples collected at 1202 sites along an altitudinal gradient of 10–5500 m asl, where mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranges from 12 to 1840 mm and mean annual temperature (MAT) from ?7 to 21.5 °C. A total of 153 pollen taxa were found with relative abundances greater than 1% in at least two samples. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine the main environmental variables influencing pollen distributions. The results reveal that MAP is the most significant dominant variable. However, MAT, altitude (ALT), July temperature (MT7), and relative humidity (HHH) are also significant variables that clearly follow the gradients in the CCA ordination, suggesting that pollen assemblages probably not only reflect a single climatic parameter, but also a variety of other climatic inter-related parameters.Transfer functions, based on locally weighted weighted averaging (LWWA), were developed for MAP (R²-boot = 0.89, RMSEP = 109 mm), MAT (R²-boot = 0.78, RMSEP = 2.3 °C), ALT (R²-boot = 0.73, RMSEP = 597 m), HHH (R²-boot = 0.82, RMSEP = 4.5%), and July mean precipitation (MP7) (R²-boot = 0.87, RMSEP = 23 mm). Overall, our results confirm that pollen can provide reliable estimates of the primary climatic parameters. The application of the LWWA model to the fossil records of Chen Co Lake allowed quantitative inferences to be made about Holocene climatic changes in the southern Tibetan Plateau, suggesting that LWWA is a robust calibration method for quantitative palaeo-environmental reconstruction based on pollen data in the regions.  相似文献   

利用压汞资料进行低渗储层孔隙结构特征分析——以Wll-7油田流沙港组三段储层为例     

汪新光  李茂  覃利娟  蒋利平  李明  孙婷 《海洋地质译丛》2011,(1):42-47

储层孔隙结构是影响低渗储层微观孔隙内流体运移与聚集的主要因素,决定了储层的优劣。以w11－7油田流沙港组三段储层为例,应用压汞资料定性与定量研究储层孔隙结构特征。研究结果表明,孔隙结构分为三类,总体上具有“喉道细、分选差、连通性差”的特点,这种较差的孔隙结构发育特征是造成储层呈低渗一特低渗的核心因素。在此基础上应用多元判别方法优选出排驱压力、中值压力、最大孔喉半径、孔喉半径均值、分选系数五类孔隙结构分类评价参数,并结合常规物性将储层分为三类,其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ类是广为发育的储层。  相似文献   

Geomorphological evolution revealed by aeolian sedimentary structure in Badain Jaran Desert on Alxa Plateau, Northwest China     

Patrick KLENK 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(3):267-278

The Badain Jaran Desert,located in the Alxa Plateau,Northwest China,features mega-dunes and a unique dune-lake alternation landscape.This paper presented the aeolian sediment structures of three representative dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert using ground-penetrating radar (GPR).We processed and analyzed the GPR data and investigated the feasibility of using integrated GPR and sedimentological data to reconstruct dunes structure,sedimentary environment and geomorphological evolution.The results show that the internal structures of star dune and transverse dune represent various stages of mega-dune evolution: the main deposition processes of mega-dune are similar to those of transverse dunes but have a more complicated mechanism of sand transport and deposition because of the superimposition of dunes;the upper section of the mega-dune has a structure similar to that of star dune,with vertical aggradations on top.Diffraction hyperbolae in the GPR profile indicates that the presence of ancient dunes characterized by calcareous cementation layers is involved in the maintenance of mega-dunes,and water levels,shown by continuous,sub-horizontal GPR reflections,are supposed to be closely related to mega-dunes and the interdune lakes.Outcrop of wet sand and horizontal stratifications on the GPR image indicate moisture potentials with different levels inside mega-dunes.The multiplex geomorphology in the Badain Jaran Desert is the result of global climatic undulation,the unique geographical location,the geological structural features,etc.  相似文献   

基于雷达三维组网数据的对流性地面大风自动识别   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李国翠  刘黎平  张秉祥  于楠  常山英 《气象学报》2013,71(6):1160-1171

应用雷达三维组网数据和地面加密自动站风场资料,统计分析了对流性地面大风的6个主要雷达识别指标：风暴最大反射率因子、风暴最大垂直积分液态水含量、垂直积分液态水含量随时间变率、风暴最大反射率因子下降高度、风暴体移动速度和垂直积分液态水含量密度等参数。根据雷达识别指标和地面大风的相关程度,给出了识别指标的隶属函数和权重系数;采用不等权重法,建立了具有模糊逻辑的对流性地面大风识别方法。并将对流性地面大风的出现概率分为3级：当识别风暴单体的判据小于0.3时,出现对流性地面大风的概率小;当判据在0.3—0.5时,产生对流性地面大风的概率较大;当判据大于0.5时,出现对流性地面大风的概率很大。通过对河北省2012年6月21日线状风暴和2009年7月23日孤立单体风暴引发的灾害大风典型个例的识别效果检验,证明这种方法识别到的风暴单体跟踪效果良好,识别出的大风范围与实况风场基本吻合,命中率、虚警率和临界成功指数分别达81.8%、25.0%和64.3%,利用模糊逻辑原理建立对流性大风的识别算法是切实可行的。  相似文献   

青藏高原零度层亮带的识别订正方法及在雷达估测降水中的应用   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

庄薇  刘黎平  胡志群 《气象》2013,39(8):1004-1013

零度层亮带是指雪花或冰晶降落到零度层附近,表面发生融化而使雷达反射率突然增大的现象.它是影响雷达资料质量的重要因素,常会导致雷达估测降水的高估.青藏高原海拔高、零度层低,零度层以下的降水范围非常有限,亮带对青藏高原地区的雷达估测降水的影响更加显著.因此,对亮带进行自动识别订正,对提高青藏高原雷达降水估测的精度有重要意义.本文在考虑青藏高原遮挡严重的情况下,通过计算反射率垂直廓线来识别零度层亮带,对亮带区域进行订正,并将亮带订正前后的混合扫描反射率分别估测降水,分析亮带订正对降水估测误差的影响.结果表明:雷达识别的亮带高度在探空资料零度层以下几百米内;亮带订正前,反射率垂直廓线在零度层附近有显著弯曲,雷达对降水的估测明显偏高;亮带订正后,反射率垂直廓线在零度层附近的显著弯曲消失,雷达估测的降水量与雨量计的观测值较一致,降水估测误差比订正前明显减小.  相似文献   

城市化水平与城市资源压力的定量关系研究——以宝鸡市为例     

赵安周  卫海燕  白凯 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(3)

从人口、经济、社会、土地4个方面构建宝鸡市城市化水平综合评价指标,应用熵值法对1990-2009年宝鸡市城市化水平进行综合测度;同时,使用资源压力指数对宝鸡市城市资源压力进行了定量评价,并对二者进行了相关分析和回归分析.结果表明:①1990-2009年间宝鸡市城市化综合水平持续提高;②在城市化进程中,相应的资源压力也会发生变化,二者存在着极强的相关性;③宝鸡市城市化水平的增长率在1990年代初期低于资源压力的增长,盲目的粗放型资源利用发展模式不但不能加速城市化进程,反而造成了资源的严重浪费.  相似文献   

DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAIN CROP GERMPLASM RESOURCES IN CHINA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹永生  张贤珍  白建军  龚高法 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,7(4):310-316

Cropgermplasmresourcesaretheindispensablematerialbaseforcropbreedingandagriculturalproduction.Theresearchondistributionofcropgermplasmr~urcesisofgreatimportanceinstudyingonorigin,evolutionandclassificationofcrops,expeditingandcollectinggermplasm,ascertainingofcentersofdiversity,protectinggermplasmr~urcesandmakingagriculturalproductiondivision.Since1949,researchesofexploration,collection,preservation,cha-racterizationandevaluationofcropgermplasmresourceshavebeendoneinChina.Atpresent,thenational…  相似文献   

On the hydrodynamics of bobbing cones     

K.R. Drake  R. Eatock Taylor  P.H. Taylor  W. Bai 《Ocean Engineering》2009,36(15-16):1270-1277

The paper describes an experimental investigation into the hydrodynamics of a right circular cone undergoing transient forced vertical oscillations in otherwise still water. Attention is given to the vertical fluid force and the relative vertical motion between the cone and its intersection with the adjacent free water surface. Comparisons are made between linear theory and experimental results extracted from paired response time histories obtained with input displacements of opposite sign. Comparisons are also made with the predictions obtained from fully non-linear numerical models. A slowly varying setup is observed in the measured relative vertical motion and a new second order term is identified in order to formulate a theoretical explanation.  相似文献